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Landed Elite is a social policy in Civilization V. It is part of the Tradition tree and requires Legalism.
The distribution of the land in the empire among its elite class tends to funnel food production towards the empire's 
Capital Capital (where they usually live in splendor).
Game Info
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Strategy
This level 3 Policy is a great way to increase 
Population Population growth in the Capital, and is one of the main benefits of the Tradition tree. If you manage to complete it soon afterwards, the added benefit of a free Aqueduct makes a nice combo!
Historical Info
Under this policy, the power and prestige in a nation is held by those who own the land. The more land one owns, the more powerful one is. In some cases land ownership may be limited to members of a certain class, tribe, religion, or even gender. Great care must be taken by the landed elite to see to it that the great unwashed mass of peasants don't become angry with them, as such situations often end with a radical redistribution of land, which may or may not be accompanied by the executions of the former landowners.